Dialing code +374
ISO 2 code AM
ISO 3 code ARM
Capital Yerevan
Main Language None
Currency Dram (AMD)
GDP $18.9 billion 123rd
Population 2,968,000 138th

Geography

Continent Asia
Location Southwestern Asia east of Turkey
Land 29,800 km2 143rd
Terrain Armenian Highland with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley
Climate Highland continental hot summers cold winters
Natural Hazards Armenian Highland with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley
Note: Landlocked in the Lesser Caucasus Mountains; Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan) is the largest lake in this mountain range

Neighbouring Countries

Azerbaijan Georgia Iran Turkey

History

Armenia prides itself on being the first nation to formally adopt Christianity (early 4th century). Despite periods of autonomy over the centuries Armenia came under the sway of various empires including the Roman Byzantine Arab Persian and Ottoman. During World War I in the western portion of Armenia Ottoman Turkey instituted a policy of forced resettlement coupled with other harsh practices that resulted in an estimated 1 million Armenian deaths. The eastern area of Armenia was ceded by the Ottomans to Russia in 1828; this portion declared its independence in 1918 but was conquered by the Soviet Red Army in 1920. Armenian leaders remain preoccupied by the long conflict with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh a primarily Armenian-populated region assigned to Soviet Azerbaijan in the 1920s by Moscow. Armenia and Azerbaijan began fighting over the area in 1988; the struggle escalated after both countries attained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By May 1994 when a cease-fire took hold ethnic Armenian forces held not only Nagorno-Karabakh but also a significant portion of Azerbaijan proper. The economies of both sides have been hurt by their inability to make substantial progress toward a peaceful resolution. Turkey closed the common border with Armenia because of the Armenian separatists' control of Nagorno-Karabakh and surrounding areas.
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Demographics

Life Expectancy 72.68 years 104th
Median Age 31.5 years 72nd
Birth Rate 12.65 births/1,000 population 149th
Death Rate 8.39 births/1,000 population 92nd
Sex Ratio 0.64 male(s)/female 180th
Literacy 99.4% 21st
Population

3.0 million

Transportation

Roadways 7700 km 143rd
Railways 845 km 98th
Airports 11 151st
Waterways None km
Heliports None
Airports paved 2 49th

Economy

Currency Dram (AMD)
GDP $18.9 billion 123rd
GDP per capita (PPP) $6400 116th