Dialing code +49
ISO 2 code DE
ISO 3 code DEU
Capital Berlin
Main Language German
Currency Euro (EUR)
GDP $2.9 trillion 5th
Population 81,802,257 15th

Geography

Continent Europe
Location Central Europe bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea between the Netherlands and Poland south of Denmark
Land 357,021 km2 63rd
Terrain Lowlands in north uplands in center Bavarian Alps in south
Climate Temperate and marine; cool cloudy wet winters and summers; occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind
Natural Hazards Lowlands in north uplands in center Bavarian Alps in south
Note: Strategic location on North European Plain and along the entrance to the Baltic Sea

Neighbouring Countries

Austria Belgium Czech Republic Denmark France Luxembourg Netherlands Poland Switzerland

History

As Europe's largest economy and second most populous nation (after Russia) Germany is a key member of the continent's economic political and defense organizations. European power struggles immersed Germany in two devastating World Wars in the first half of the 20th century and left the country occupied by the victorious Allied powers of the US UK France and the Soviet Union in 1945. With the advent of the Cold War two German states were formed in 1949: the western Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the eastern German Democratic Republic (GDR). The democratic FRG embedded itself in key Western economic and security organizations the EC which became the EU and NATO while the Communist GDR was on the front line of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. The decline of the USSR and the end of the Cold War allowed for German unification in 1990. Since then Germany has expended considerable funds to bring Eastern productivity and wages up to Western standards. In January 1999 Germany and 10 other EU countries introduced a common European exchange currency the euro.
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Demographics

Life Expectancy 79.26 years 28th
Median Age 43.8 years 3rd
Birth Rate 8.18 births/1,000 population 203rd
Death Rate 10.9 births/1,000 population 46th
Sex Ratio 0.72 male(s)/female 141st
Literacy 99.0% 41st
Population

81.8 million

Transportation

Roadways 644480 km 10th
Railways 41896 km 6th
Airports 549 13th
Waterways 7467 km 18th
Heliports 28 6th
Airports paved 13 6th

Economy

Currency Euro (EUR)
GDP $2.9 trillion 5th
GDP per capita (PPP) $34800 30th